AI and the Clinical Immunology/Immunoinformatics for COVID-19

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is contributing to the campaign against the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Since 2019, more and more AI frameworks and applications in COVID-19 have been proposed, and the recent research has shown that AI is a promising technology because AI can achieve a higher degree of scalability, a more comprehensive and identification of patterns in the vast amount of unstructured and noisy data, accelerated processing power, and strategies to outperform traditional methods in many specific tasks. In this chapter, we focus on the specific AI applications in the clinical immunology/immunoinformatics for COVID-19. More precisely, on one hand, we discuss the application of deep learning in designing SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, and, on the other hand, we discuss the development of a machine learning framework for investigating the SARS-CoV-2 mutations that can help us better respond to the future mutant viruses, including designing more robust vaccines based on such AI approaches. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022.

Current Evidence of Cannabidiol's Potential as an Anxiolytic Agent

This article will summarize the current knowledge and scientific evidence regarding cannabidiol as a possible pharmacological tool for anxiety disorders. Although the use of this substance in medical practice is gaining momentum, gaps can still be found in the current knowledge regarding its molecular targets, drug-to-drug interactions, efficacy in different populations, adequate dosage, duration of treatment, and correct formulation. Moreover, current evidence is still preliminary, lacking robust, blinded, and placebo-controlled clinical trials in many areas of investigation. After reading this article, readers should have a thorough understanding of the current scientific evidence regarding the use of CBD as an anxiolytic drug. [Psychiatr Ann. 2023;53(6):242–246.]

VENDOR PERSPECTIVES

The people who work at companies that manufacture chromatography instruments and consumables are often well positioned to be aware of developments, needs, and trends that not everyone else sees, because they serve customers in a range of areas of focus and with diverse demands-such as academic researchers investigating fundamental aspects of separation science techniques, industrial analysts solving problems that they may not be allowed to talk about at conferences, or chemists working in government laboratories in areas like environmental research. Inaccurate data can be generated from variable, glass vial surface chemistries, which can lead to investigations or flawed decisions can be made from these results. The Reduced Surface Activity (RSA(tm)) Glass Technology was developed to address these issues, and to provide chemists with sample containers for LC-MS, MS, HPLC, GC, and CE that deliver reliable, consistent results by not adsorbing basic analytes, or adding metals to, or changing the pH of the diluent. The stringent RSA manufacturing processes are continued through to final contaminate-free packaging and quality control, where they are tested for adsorption, metal content, and residual materials.

COVID-19 and Mucormycosis of Orofacial Region: A Scoping Review.

During the second wave of coronavirus disease, or COVID-19, infection due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus in the year 2021 around the globe, there is a surge in the number of cases of mucormycosis or "Black Fungus" that is directly/indirectly associated with COVID-19. In this review article, mucormycosis of the orofacial region has gained importance from the maximum published literature (45 articles) from various databases like PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase. Rhino-orbital cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) is a fatal condition associated with COVID-19 among categories of mucormycosis such as pulmonary, oral, gastrointestinal, cutaneous, and disseminated. ROCM targets the maxillary sinus, also involving teeth of the maxilla, orbits, and ethmoidal sinus. These are of particular interest to dentists and oral pathologists for proper diagnosis and identification. Co-morbid conditions, especially diabetes mellitus type II, have to be monitored carefully in COVID-19 patients as they have a higher risk of developing mucormycosis. In this review article, various presentations of COVID-19-linked mucormycosis are mentioned having particular emphasis on pathogenesis, signs and symptoms, clinical presentation, various diagnostic modalities including histopathology, radiology like CT and MRI, serology, tissue culture, various laboratory investigations, treatment protocols, management with prognosis, and so on. Any suspected case of mucormycosis needs quick detection and treatment since it progresses quickly due to the destructive course of infection. Long-term follow-up along with proper care is a must to detect any kind of recurrence.

Lifestyle audits in South Africa – overrated or X-factor?

PurposePresident Cyril Ramaphosa, in his 2018 State of the Nation Address, stated that "Thieves who are stealing public funds should be arrested and prosecuted”, and called for lifestyle audits of public-sector employees. The gross misuse of COVID-19 relief funds by public officials indicated the urgent need to execute these audits as an anti-corruption measure. This paper aims to provide a review of the existing state of affairs with regard to the application of lifestyle audits in South Africa.Design/methodology/approachThis paper critically analyses the literature available on the current position of South Africa concerning lifestyle audits in the public sector, based on the mandates of some of the anti-corruption agencies that could be responsible for the conducting and processing of such audits.FindingsSouth Africa has only recently seen a framework for applying lifestyle audits, developed by the Department of Public Service and Administration. Although these first steps in developing a standard practice are laudable, the practical process of dealing with misconduct and/or criminal matters remains to be seen. It is recommended that South Africa consider a legislative approach to dealing with unlawfully obtained wealth by either criminalising the act of illicit enrichment (per the United Nations Convention Against Corruption) or creating an Unexplained Wealth Order, as seen, for example, in the UK.Originality/valueSouth Africa is in dire need of addressing corruption in the public sector. Despite lifestyle audits being called for, the lack of proper implementation is negating any positive outcomes. Therefore, alternative solutions should be investigated.

A framework for seroepidemiologic investigations in future pandemics: insights from an evaluation of WHO's Unity Studies initiative.

BACKGROUND: The WHO Unity Studies initiative supports countries, especially low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), in conducting seroepidemiologic studies for rapidly informing responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. Ten generic study protocols were developed which standardized epidemiologic and laboratory methods. WHO provided technical support, serological assays and funding for study implementation. An external evaluation was conducted to assess (1) the usefulness of study findings in guiding response strategies, (2) management and support to conduct studies and (3) capacity built from engagement with the initiative. METHODS: The evaluation focused on the three most frequently used protocols, namely first few cases, household transmission and population-based serosurvey, 66% of 339 studies tracked by WHO. All 158 principal investigators (PIs) with contact information were invited to complete an online survey. A total of 19 PIs (randomly selected within WHO regions), 14 WHO Unity focal points at the country, regional and global levels, 12 WHO global-level stakeholders and eight external partners were invited to be interviewed. Interviews were coded in MAXQDA™, synthesized into findings and cross-verified by a second reviewer. RESULTS: Among 69 (44%) survey respondents, 61 (88%) were from LMICs. Ninety-five percent gave positive feedback on technical support, 87% reported that findings contributed to COVID-19 understanding, 65% to guiding public health and social measures, and 58% to guiding vaccination policy. Survey and interview group responses showed that the main technical barriers to using study findings were study quality, variations in study methods (challenge for meta-analysis), completeness of reporting study details and clarity of communicating findings. Untimely study findings were another barrier, caused by delays in ethical clearance, receipt of serological assays and approval to share findings. There was strong agreement that the initiative created equitable research opportunities, connected expertise and facilitated study implementation. Around 90% of respondents agreed the initiative should continue in the future. CONCLUSIONS: The Unity Studies initiative created a highly valued community of practice, contributed to study implementation and research equity, and serves as a valuable framework for future pandemics. To strengthen this platform, WHO should establish emergency-mode procedures to facilitate timeliness and continue to build capacity to rapidly conduct high-quality studies and communicate findings in a format friendly to decision-makers.

DATA ANALYTIC TOOLS RELATING TO SELECTED COVID-19 PANDEMIC FRAUDS

This research provides information related to the use of data analytic tools for preventing and detecting COVID-19 pandemic frauds. The IRS-CI (Internal Revenue Service - Criminal Investigation) Agency continues to conduct investigations involving billions with these frauds. With the data analytic tools, people can be stopped from fraudulently taking advantage the government during critical life or death times.

Numerical Investigation on Silicon based Hollow Core Photonic Crystal Fiber for sensing Multiple Virus

In recent years, spread of infection due to virus became whirlwind and creates threat to life in multiple ways. Hence there is in need to sense virus as early as possible in easier way. In this work we propose a multi virus sensor which senses IBV, H5N1, H9N2, and H4N6.Very low refractive index is sensed in this work with increased birefringence due to its elliptical core, where the samples are infiltrated. Numerical analysis is done using Finite Element Method. Among these 4 viruses, IBV has higher sensitivity, birefringence and lower confinement loss which belong to COVID family.88.56% of sensitivity is obtained at 1550nm with low confinement loss. © 2022 IEEE.

Oral and Dental Needs and Teledentistry Applications in the Elderly: Real-Time Surveillance Using Google Trends

Featured ApplicationThe present cross-sectional analysis aimed to evaluate the level of interest in oral and dental needs and teledentistry applications among the elderly, as well as whether COVID-19 pandemic outbreaks were influenced by real-time surveillance, using Google Trends. As the number of elderly dental patients continues to increase, there is a growing need for specific interventions that address the biological and psychological issues of this population. Teledentistry represents a healthcare delivery system that can overcome these problems, although the oral and dental care provision methods involved are still unknown to most people. Indeed, there is a need to raise awareness of the indications for teledentistry, the available interventions, and the potential benefits for the oral and dental care of elderly patients.Considering the increasing need for oral and dental care in the elderly, teledentistry has been proposed to improve the education of elderly patients in oral health maintenance and risk factor control, identify patients' concerns in advance, facilitate monitoring, and save time and money. The present cross-sectional analysis of Google search data through real-time surveillance with Google Trends aimed to determine Google users' interest in oral and dental needs and teledentistry applications in the elderly, and to compare search volumes before and after the COVID-19 outbreak. Extracted CVS data were qualitatively analyzed. Pearson and Spearman correlation analyses were performed between searches for "elderly” and "teledentistry”, and all the oral and dental needs and teledentistry applications. The Mann–Whitney U test compared search volumes in the 36 months before and after the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. Google users' interest in the elderly and related oral and dental needs was diffusely medium–high, while teledentistry and its applications were of lower interest. Interest in teledentistry and its applications was strongly related to interest in the older population, which is consistent with the assumption that older adults represent the population segment that could benefit most from these tools. A positive correlation was also found between searches for "Elderly” and searches for almost all oral and dental needs typical of the geriatric population. Search volumes increased significantly after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. More information about teledentistry should be disseminated to increase knowledge and awareness, especially among older patients, about its indications, applications, and advantages.

INVESTIGATION OF COVID-19 IMPACT ON AEROSOL OPTICAL DEPTH OVER MALAYSIA AND INDONESIA

Lockdown or movement control order (MCO) was implemented all over the world, including Malaysia and Indonesia, during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. During the lockdown period, human activities were restricted. The restriction led to the reduction of human-made particulate matter released to the atmosphere. One of the indicators that could be used to estimate the concentration of particulate matter in the atmosphere is aerosol optical depth (AOD). The aim of this study is to investigate the variation in AOD level over the Malaysia and Indonesia region during this restriction period. This study has utilized monthly and daily Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Terra AOD product that can be accessed through National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)'s Geospatial Interactive Online Visualization and Analysis Infrastructure (GIOVANNI) system. The developed long-term time-averaged map showed a high AOD level over Sumatera and South Kalimantan, with the maximum value being 0.4. The comparison among during, pre- and post-lockdown periods showed a reduction in the AOD level. The maximum AOD level decreased to 0.3 during the lockdown period compared to 0.4 in the pre- (2019) and post-lockdown periods (2021 and 2022). Average monthly time series showed no spike in the AOD level in 2020 and 2021. Hovmöller diagram showed low AOD throughout the latitude and longitude during lockdown compared to the pre- and post-lockdown periods. Analyses of the yearly AOD level showed reduction in the AOD level from +11.31% in 2019 to -18.17% and -18.01% in 2020 and 2021, respectively. The result also showed that the average daily AOD percentage during the lockdown period in 2020 had decreased to -5.34% from -3.18% in 2019 and had increased to +1.26 in 2021.

Symptom severity in an outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 at a university student gala in the Omicron era, Chicago, Illinois, April 2022.

Objective: In April 2022, the University of Illinois Chicago (UIC) COVID-19 Contact Tracing & Epidemiology Program identified an outbreak associated with an indoor student gala. This study's aims were to characterize COVID-19 transmission dynamics and measure symptom severity among cases.Participants: The study population included UIC-affiliated gala attendees. Outbreak-associated cases tested positive for COVID-19 between April 2 and April 11, 2022. Attendees who did not test positive or develop symptoms within ten days of the event were classified as contacts.Methods: We ascertained cases through phone-based contact tracing and a survey and evaluated symptom severity using a novel classification system.Results: Among 307 UIC students registered to attend the gala, the minimum attack rate was 14.0%. Approximately 56% of cases were mildly symptomatic, and 38.9% reported severe symptoms.Conclusions: Our findings align with prior research documenting heightened transmissibility of Omicron-variant-related strains and highlight the need for nuanced symptom assessment methodologies.

International Criminal Cooperation in the Shadow of the Coronavirus Pandemic 1

European cooperation in criminal matters is a priority in all EU Member States, whether in the detection, investigation or judicial fields. In recent years, I have been carrying out research in the field of organised crime, during which I have realised that in investigations involving two or more Member States, it is almost impossible to achieve the desired objective without criminal cooperation. Then, in the spring of2020, investigative authorities had to deal with a variable such as the coronavirus pandemic, one of the consequences of which was that personal contact was minimised. However, one of the most important factors for successful and effective police cooperation are personal contacts, which can be achieved through training, meetings or even personal exchanges of views during the course of a criminal case. However, the activity of organised crime groups is ongoing, although it is fair to say that they favour cyberspace, but they have not given much thought to overcoming the obstacles that arose during the coronavirus pandemic. They have emerged in e-commerce, online marketplaces, but at the same time, they have expanded their existing network of recruiters and started to think globally. Their distribution activities and logistics have also changed. Typically, the online space can be observed for criminal activities such as drug trafficking, arms trafficking or fraud. The pandemic has also reduced the effectiveness of international cooperation on crime. In the research for this study, I am looking for answers to the question: what tools and methods of cooperation were available to the investigating authorities in the period before the pandemic and could they be further expanded? I will then contrast this period with the escalated situation during the pandemic. My research questions will include how and to what extent the coronavirus pandemic affected international criminal cooperation, in particular the use of Joint Investigation Teams. I also shed light on the question: what are the opportunities and obstacles to the use of available tools for criminal cooperation in the case of crimes committed in the online space? The threat is growing, it has more and more international aspects, so I think there is a need for deeper cooperation, not only between law enforcement agencies, but also involving the private sector and civil society. It is important to make the citizens of all countries aware of the threats they face.

How emotions from content social relevance mediate social media engagement: evidence from European supermarkets during the COVID-19 pandemic

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the antecedents of consumer engagement with supermarkets' social media accounts. Drawing on regulatory fit theory and social sharing of emotions theory, the authors test if the content posted on the social media brand pages of supermarkets dealing with a topic of high social relevance, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, stimulates social media consumer engagement and if and how the engagement is mediated by the arousal of positive and negative emotions.Design/methodology/approachThe authors retrieved data from the Facebook accounts of the top 20 European supermarkets identified in the Deloitte 2020 Global Powers of Retailing report during the first wave of the pandemic from 1 March to 30 June 2020, collecting a sample of 2,524 posts from 8 different countries. After a content analysis to classify COVID-19 content, the authors applied the Baron and Kenny (1986) methodology to verify the hypothesised relationships.FindingsThe findings highlight a positive direct relationship between the social relevance of a topic (COVID-19) and social media consumer engagement mediated by the arousal of positive and negative emotions.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors' knowledge, this is one of the earliest empirical research using Facebook data to investigate the role of the social relevance of content as an antecedent of social media consumer engagement with a specific focus on supermarkets. The paper contributes to the stream of social media literature investigating the antecedents of social media engagement behaviour, exploring the role of topics' choice and aroused emotions, which to date are both under-investigated.

Modeling COVID-19 Real Data Set by a New Extension of Haq Distribution

Modeling real-life pandemics is very important;this study focuses on introducing a new superior flexible extension of the asymmetric Haq distribution known as the power Haq distribution (PHD). The most fundamental mathematical properties are derived. We determine its parameters using ten estimation methods. The asymptotic behavior of its estimators is investigated through simulation, and a comparison is done to find out the most efficient method for estimating the parameters of the distribution under consideration. We use a sample for the COVID-19 data set to evaluate the proposed model's performance and usefulness in fitting the data set in comparison to other well-known models.

The Adoption of Robo-Advisory among Millennials in the 21st Century: Trust, Usability and Knowledge Perception

Robo-advisor has become the new personal wealth management and investment method. Nonetheless, certain predicaments are faced by robo-advisor companies as a tech-savvy young group of individuals seems to be less willing to adopt robo-advisory. This study investigates millennials' adoption of robo-advisory in terms of financial knowledge, trust and usability perception in the 21st century to enhance sustainability. This quantitative study focuses on individuals belonging to the millennial generation who were born between 1981 and 1996. The findings indicate that the millennials who possess financial knowledge, as well as perceived usability and trust have a significant positive effect on the willingness to embrace robo-advisory as a tool for wealth management. The higher the financial knowledge of an individual, the more likely they are willing to adopt a robo-advisor. Government may provide appropriate avenues to enhance financial knowledge, and credible and user-friendly platforms with resources to boost the millennials' usage of robo-advisors for their wealth management. With robust artificial intelligence, robo-advisory continues to support users, especially millennials, through three dimensions of sustainable development: environment, society, and economy.

Assessment of Antioxidant, Anti-Lipid Peroxidation, Antiglycation, Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Tyrosinase Properties of Dendrobium sulcatum Lindl

Dendrobium sulcatum Lindl or "Ueang Jampa-Nan” (Orchidaceae family) is widely dis-tributed in Thailand and Laos. It is classified in the genus Dendrobium, which is used in both traditional Chinese medicine and Ayurvedic medicine for health enhancement and anti-aging. The purpose of this study was to investigate the phytochemical constituents and bioefficacy of stems, leaves and flowers from D. sulcatum for cosmetic and cosmeceutical applications. Phenolic and flavonoid contents were tested for the phytochemical evaluation. The antioxidant (DPPH, FRAP and ABTS assays), anti-lipid peroxidation, antiglycation, anti-inflammatory and anti-tyrosinase properties were assessed for their bioefficacy. The results showed that the extracts of stem and leaf had higher total phenolic content than that of the flower, and the leaf extract had the highest flavonoid content. The antioxidant, anti-lipid peroxidation and anti-inflammatory activities of the extracts were greater in those from the stem and leaf compared with that of the flower. The leaf extract exhibited the greatest antiglycation property. The results of anti-tyrosinase analysis of the extracts showed that the leaf and flower exhibited potent activities with a percentage inhibition greater than 70% (at a concentration of 50 µg/mL). In conclusion, these findings suggest that the ethanolic extracts from different parts of D. sulcatum are promising sources of natural active ingredients for further cosmetic and cosmeceutical products.

Developing a laundered funds destination theory: applying the Walker–Unger gravity model to US-based money launderer country preference from 2000 to 2020

PurposeAlthough economists and academics have studied money laundering for several decades, there continues to be gaps in the research due to a lack of reliable data on money laundering activity, and a lack of detailed sources and methods of collection in government-based reporting. The purpose of this study is to apply the Walker-Unger gravity model and examine US-based money launderer preference for the 2000-2020 time frame. This paper then compares those results with previous applications of the model and identifies trends, which may serve as the foundations of a money launderer preference theory. The results of the investigation ranked countries by preference of US-based money launderers and determined that there was consistency in country destination preference even during recessionary periods.Design/methodology/approachThe Walker–Unger gravity model as applied by Roman et al. (2021) is used to conduct the investigation, to maintain consistency in the application of the Walker–Unger model and further the objective of validating the attractiveness simulation. The model tests the predictive capability of the independent variables to establish the degree of attractiveness each country represents for the funds of US-based money launderers. A score is generated by the model, which is then used to analyze and interpret its significance in relation to all sampled countries.FindingsModel results reveal the countries with the highest attractiveness for US-based money launderers during 2000–2020 were Australia, the Bahamas, Bermuda, Canada, Cayman Islands, Norway, Monaco, Puerto Rico, Switzerland and the USA. Model results show that over the two decades the proportion of money flow scores changed but not to a degree that would alter the country preference of US-based money launderers. US-based money launderers tended to use the same countries for their illicit financial activities, regardless of the state of the legitimate economy.Research limitations/implicationsOne of the limitations of the model is that it does not show the effect of money laundering on legitimate economic activity.Practical implicationsThe model results will give insight into the preferred destination of US-based money launderers and therefore frame one component of money laundering activities in the USA for the examined time period.Social implicationsA secondary objective of this study is to evaluate if any changes to US-based money launderer preferences occurred during the three most recent periods of economic downturn in the USA.Originality/valueThe model results will give insight into the preferred destination of US-based money launderers and therefore frame one component of money laundering activities in the USA for the examined time period. A secondary objective of this study is to evaluate if any changes to US-based money launderer preferences occurred during the three most recent periods of economic downturn in the USA. The periods chosen are the 2001 9/11 terrorist attacks, the 2007/08 global financial crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic.

A hatályos büntetőeljárási törvény egyes változásainak vizsgálata a szervezett bűnözés elleni fellépés tükrében

Cél: Bűn nem maradhat büntetlenül – tartja a mondás. A szervezett bűnözői csoportok tevékenységeinek állandó változása miatt kiemelt rendőrségi feladattá vált azok bomlasztása, illetve felszámolása. A szervezett bűnözés elleni fellépést segítik elő többek között a hazai jogszabályok is, ezek között a büntetőeljárásról szóló 2017. évi XC. törvény olyan fejezetei, ami a titkos információgyűjtést 2018. július 1-jétől, a törvény kihirdetésétől alapjaiban megváltoztatta. Ezért annak a gyakorlati, jogalkalmazói megjelenése, új lehetséges szervezeti modellje, továbbá az Európai Unió más tagállamaiban kialakított megoldásainak összehasonlítása nélkülözhetetlen. A szerző tanulmányával kifejezetten a Be. törvény jogalkalmazói gyakorlatát kívánja vizsgálni a bűnügyi felderítés területén, különösen a jogászi hivatásrendek, az ügyészség és a nyomozó hatóság szemszögéből, mivel a büntetőeljárás mindennapi alkalmazása során merülhet fel számos olyan jelenség, ami a lehetséges problémákra rávilágíthat. Kutatási kérdésként került megfogalmazásra, hogy hazánkban a szervezett bűnözés elleni fellépést mennyire segítették elő a hatályos büntetőeljárási törvény egyes változásai? Módszertan: Az alkalmazott kutatási módszerekkel a cél, hogy az elmélet és a gyakorlat összhangja bemutatásra kerüljön. A tanulmány tartalmaz többekközött leíró elemzést, fogalmi, jogintézményi és szervezeti vonatkozásban, illetve joggyakorlat-elemzést és jogszabályelemzést. A kutatás alapját képezi egy esettanulmány, amelyben jelenleg is nyomozás folyik emberkereskedelem bűntett elkövetése miatt, illetve az Európai Unión belüli tagállamok mint részes felek közös nyomozó csoport felállításáról állapodtak meg. Az esettanulmány által lesz lehetőség arra is, hogy a nemzetközi bűnügyi együttműködés kapcsán megjelenő esetleges akadályok megfigyelésre kerüljenek, ehhez kapcsolódik még a koronavírus-járvány idején felmerülő egyéb akadályozó tényezők feltárása. Az esettanulmány elemzését megelőzően spontán interjúk készítésére is sor került rendőri és igazságügyi oldalról is. A rendőri oldalt tekintve felderítőkkel, igazságügyi oldalról pedig ügyészekkel készültek az interjúk. A kutatás során a szerző kitekintést tesz az Európai Unió más tagállamai által kialakított eljárásokra is. Megállapítások: A hazai büntetőeljáráson belül a leplezett eszközök megjelenése, átalakítása – a tanulmány kapcsán készült kutatás szerint – eltérően mutatkozik a rendőri és az ügyészi oldalon. A közös nyomozó csoport hatékonysága a gyakorlatban több szempontból is jól nyomon követhető. A nemzetközi érintettségű ügyekben az eljárásjogi akadályok kiküszöbölésére, illetve a nemzetközi bűnügyi és igazságügyi együttműködés kapcsán is számos előnyt jelent, ha a tagállamok közös nyomozó csoport felállításában állapodnak meg. Érték: A tanulmányban megállapítottak alkalmasak lehetnek a gyakorlatban dolgozó nyomozó hatóságok tagjai számára, akik nemzetközi vonatkozású ügyekben érintettek, illetve az ügyészség számára is egyfajta keresztmetszetet nyújt a jelenlegi helyzetről, további cél, hogy a leírtak megfontolásra kerüljenek. Mindemellett a tanulmány kitekintést is nyújt a nemzetközi bűnügyi együttműködés megvalósulására a koronavírus-járvány idején.Alternate : Aim: Crime cannot go unpunished – so the saying goes. The ever-changing activities of organised crime groups have made disrupting and dismantling them a priority for the police. Among other things, the fight against organised crime is facilitated by domestic legislation, including the chapters of Act XC of 2017 on the Code of Criminal Procedure, which fundamentally changed the collection of secret information from 1 July 2018, when the Act was promulgated. Therefore, its practical and law enforcement manifestation, its new possible organisational model, as well as the comparison with the solutions developed in other EuropeanUnion Member States are indispensable. The author with her study specifically intended to examine the practice of the application of the Criminal Procedure Act in the field of criminal investigation, in particular from the perspective of the legal professions, the prosecution and the investigating authority, since the everyday application of criminal procedure may give rise to a number of phenomena that may highlight potential problems. A research question was formulated: to what extent has the fight against organised crime in Hungary been facilitated by certain changes in the existing Criminal Procedure Act? Methodology: The aim of the research methods used is to demonstrate the consistency of theory and practice. The study includes, inter alia, descriptive analysis in conceptual, institutional and organisational aspects, as well as case law analysis and legislative analysis. The research is based on a case study of an ongoing investigation into the crime of trafficking in human beings and the fact that Member States within the European Union have agreed to set up a joint investigation team as parties to the case. The case study will also provide an opportunity to monitor possible obstacles to international criminal cooperation, including the identification of other obstacles that may have arisen during the coronavirus epidemic. Prior to the analysis of the case study, spontaneous interviews were also conducted with police and judicial authorities. Interviews were conducted with investigators on the police side and prosecutors on the judicial side. In the course of the research, the author also looks at the procedures developed in other EU Member States. Findings: The emergence and transformation of disguised instruments in domestic criminal proceedings – according to the research carried out for the study – differs between the police and the prosecution. In practice, the effectiveness of the joint investigation team can be traced in several ways. In cases with an international dimension, there are a number of advantages to be gained from Member States agreeing to set up a joint investigation team, both in terms of removing procedural obstacles and in terms of international criminal and judicial cooperation. Value: The findings of the study may be useful for practitioners in the investigative authorities involved in cases with an international dimension, as well as for the prosecution service, to provide a cross-section of the current situation, with the additional aim of giving the issues described here some consideration. In addition, the study also provides an insight into the implementation of international criminal cooperation in the period of the coronavirus epidemic.

Automatic Detection of Sports Injuries Based on Multimedia Intelligent 3D Images

With the concept of quality education put forward, students' sports activities have received extensive attention from society. As a result, sports injuries among students during sports have also aroused widespread concern, so it is an irreversible trend to detect sports injuries. The development of multimedia intelligent 3D image technology also provides technical support for sports injury detection, which makes it possible to automatically detect sports injuries. In this paper, an automatic detection system for sports injuries was designed based on multimedia intelligent three-dimensional image technology, and the related content was evaluated. In the investigation of the parts of students' sports injuries, it was concluded that the injury rate of the students' ankle joints was the highest;in the investigation of the types of sports injuries among students, it was concluded that students were more likely to suffer from joint sprains;in the project investigation of students' sports injuries, it was concluded that students were more prone to sports injuries in ball games with a large amount of exercise;in the investigation of the causes of students' sports injuries, it was concluded that the main reasons for students' sports injuries were physical insufficiency and a bad venue environment;in terms of the performance evaluation of the sports injury detection system, it was concluded that the accuracy, effectiveness, authenticity, and efficiency of the sports injury automatic detection system based on multimedia intelligent three-dimensional image processing technology had been improved to different degrees compared with the traditional sports injury detection methods. Therefore, the detection efficiency of the sports injury automatic detection system proposed in this paper was improved by 5.7% compared with the traditional sports injury detection method.

The Study on the Effectiveness of Sustainable Customer Relationship Management: Evidence from the Online Shopping Industry

Sustainable development integrates business, environmental, and social objectives into a unified effort to achieve a common goal. Sustainable customer relationship management (CRM) combines company strategy, customer-focused business processes, and computer technologies. From the consumer's perspective, it lowers psychological, energy, time, and other costs;from the company's perspective, it offers a means of engaging with customers to build lasting and reliable relationships. The sustainable CRM program provides advantages to businesses in various industries, particularly online commerce. It alludes to a comprehensive strategy that promotes solid interactions between buyers and sellers of goods and services. Since current customer retention is less costly than new customer attraction in competitive markets, especially online shopping, identifying the factors affecting relationship management with stable customers is essential. This investigation intends to evaluate the effect of the use of management information systems (MIS), as well as insights on employee behavior and knowledge, and customer behavior (satisfaction and loyalty), on the effectiveness of sustainable CRM in online shopping. The model is validated using the PLS–SEM technique, and study sample of 293 employees and managers from private organizations. According to the results, the MIS, employee behavior and knowledge, customer satisfaction, and customer loyalty influence the effectiveness of sustainable CRM in online shopping. Furthermore, employee behavior and knowledge positively moderate the relationship between customer loyalty and the effectiveness of sustainable CRM. However, the moderating role of employee behavior and knowledge on customer satisfaction and the effectiveness of sustainable CRM is not confirmed. Overall, taking these characteristics into account might help organizations to take significant steps toward increasing the efficacy of sustainable CRM.